As Per vs. Per: A Simple Guide with Clear Examples

Navigating the nuances of English prepositions can sometimes feel like deciphering a secret code, especially when common words appear to mean the same thing but carry subtle differences in usage. Among these, “per” and “as per” often cause confusion. While both relate to a standard or basis for something, their application in formal and informal contexts varies significantly.

Understanding when to use “per” versus “as per” is crucial for clear and precise communication, whether you’re drafting a business proposal, crafting an email, or simply trying to articulate a point accurately. This guide aims to demystify these terms, offering straightforward explanations and practical examples to ensure you can wield them with confidence.

Understanding the Core Meaning of “Per”

“Per” is a preposition that signifies “by means of,” “through,” “according to,” or “for each.” It is a versatile word used in various contexts to indicate a rate, a distribution, or a reference point.

Its primary function is to establish a relationship between two quantities or concepts. For instance, when discussing speed, we use “miles per hour” to define the rate of distance traveled over a unit of time. This usage is direct and functional.

In other instances, “per” acts as a shorthand for “according to.” For example, “The document states that the fee is $50 per person.” Here, it clearly delineates the cost applied individually to each person.

The Functionality of “Per” in Rates and Ratios

One of the most common uses of “per” is in establishing rates and ratios. Think of everyday measurements like kilometers per liter or dollars per pound. These phrases quantify how much of one thing corresponds to a unit of another.

This usage is fundamental in scientific, financial, and everyday contexts. It provides a standardized way to compare or calculate values based on a unit measure. For example, understanding salary per year allows for consistent comparison between job offers.

The conciseness of “per” in these situations makes it indispensable for efficient expression. It avoids lengthy circumlocutions that would otherwise be necessary to convey the same quantitative relationship.

“Per” as a Reference to a Rule or Agreement

Beyond rates, “per” can also refer to an established rule, agreement, or instruction. When a contract states a deadline “per the agreement,” it means the deadline is dictated by the terms outlined within that agreement.

This usage implies adherence to a pre-existing framework. It’s a way of saying that something is being done in accordance with specific, agreed-upon conditions. The context usually makes this meaning clear.

For example, a manager might say, “We’re proceeding with the project plan per the committee’s decision.” This indicates that the decision made by the committee is the guiding principle for the project’s progression.

Introducing “As Per”: The Formal Counterpart

“As per” is a phrase that also means “according to” or “in accordance with.” However, it carries a distinctly more formal tone than the simple preposition “per.”

It is most commonly found in business correspondence, legal documents, and official communications. The phrase adds a layer of formality and emphasizes that an action or statement is based on a specific document, instruction, or guideline.

Think of it as a more elaborate way to signal adherence to a formal source. While “per” can be used broadly, “as per” is reserved for situations demanding a higher degree of officiality and precision.

“As Per” in Official and Business Contexts

In the realm of business, “as per” is a staple. You’ll encounter it in emails, memos, and reports where a specific directive or piece of information is being referenced. For instance, “As per your request, I have attached the relevant documents.”

This phrasing signals that the action taken is a direct response to a formal request or instruction. It leaves little room for ambiguity about the source of the directive.

Using “as per” in such scenarios reinforces the professional nature of the communication and highlights the basis for the action or information being conveyed. It establishes a clear chain of command or reference.

Examples of “As Per” in Use

Consider an email stating, “As per our conversation earlier, please submit the revised report by end of day.” This clearly links the submission deadline to a prior discussion that established the terms.

Another example might be found in a contract addendum: “As per Clause 7.B, the payment schedule has been adjusted.” This points directly to a specific section of a formal document as the authority for the change.

These examples illustrate how “as per” functions to anchor statements and actions to specific, often documented, sources of authority or information.

When to Choose “Per” Over “As Per”

The preposition “per” is generally more flexible and can be used in a wider array of situations, including informal ones. Its primary strength lies in expressing rates, ratios, and simple accordance.

For instance, when casually discussing costs, one might say, “The tickets are $20 per person.” This is perfectly natural and understood without the need for added formality.

You would also use “per” when stating a rate of speed or a statistical measure, such as “The company’s profit increased by 15% per quarter.” The directness of “per” suits these quantitative expressions.

Situations Where “Per” is More Appropriate

In technical or scientific writing, “per” is the standard for units of measurement. We speak of “meters per second” or “joules per mole,” not “as per meters per second.” The precision and established convention favor the simpler form.

Similarly, when simply referencing a standard or a norm without necessarily pointing to a formal document, “per” can suffice. “We aim for a customer satisfaction score of 90% per survey.”

The choice often comes down to the level of formality required and the specific relationship being expressed. If it’s a rate or a straightforward reference, “per” is usually the better, more concise option.

The Nuance: “As Per” vs. “Per” in Formal Writing

In formal writing, the distinction becomes more pronounced. While both can mean “according to,” “as per” often implies a more direct reference to a specific, often physical, document or instruction that is the immediate basis for the statement.

“Per” can be more general, referring to a rule, a principle, or a general understanding. “As per” tends to be more specific, pointing to a concrete source.

For example, “Payment is due per the invoice” might refer to the general terms of payment as outlined on an invoice. However, “Payment is due as per invoice number 12345, dated October 26th” is more specific and formal, referencing a particular document.

Avoiding Common Pitfalls and Misuses

A common mistake is overusing “as per” in informal contexts where it sounds stilted and unnecessarily formal. Using it in casual conversation or informal emails can make the speaker or writer seem out of touch.

Conversely, relying solely on “per” in highly formal legal or business documents might sometimes be perceived as slightly less precise or authoritative than “as per.” However, this is a subtle distinction and often context-dependent.

The key is to match the phrase to the register of the communication. When in doubt in a formal setting, “as per” often errs on the side of appropriate formality, while in informal settings, “per” is almost always the correct choice.

“As Per” and the Concept of Direct Instruction

The phrase “as per” often carries the weight of direct instruction or a specific mandate. When someone acts “as per” an instruction, they are following that instruction precisely.

This implies a clear directive that has been given and is now being executed. It’s a way of confirming that an action aligns perfectly with a given command or guideline.

For instance, a project manager might confirm, “We’ve completed the task as per your instructions.” This confirms the direct link between the manager’s action and the recipient’s prior directive.

“Per” in Everyday Language and Idiomatic Expressions

Beyond its literal meanings, “per” also appears in various idiomatic expressions and common phrases that are deeply ingrained in everyday language. These often relate to frequency or distribution.

Examples include “once per week,” “twice per day,” or “three times per month.” These are standard ways to express regularity and are not typically replaced with “as per.”

The ubiquity of “per” in these common phrases underscores its fundamental role in English for indicating frequency and rate in a natural, unforced manner.

The Subtlety of “As Per” in Establishing Authority

Using “as per” can subtly underscore the authority of the source being referenced. When a statement is made “as per” a certain document or decision, it implies that the document or decision holds precedence.

This framing can be useful in situations where reinforcing the validity or origin of a decision is important. It lends weight to the statement by grounding it in a recognized authority.

For example, a committee report might state, “The budget allocation is finalized as per the board’s resolution.” This emphasizes that the board’s resolution is the ultimate source of the budget’s structure.

When “According To” is a Safer Alternative

In many instances, the phrase “according to” can serve as a perfectly acceptable, and sometimes clearer, substitute for both “per” and “as per.” It is widely understood and carries a neutral tone.

If you find yourself questioning whether to use “per” or “as per,” consider if “according to” fits the context. For example, “According to the survey results…” is clear and universally understood.

While “according to” might lack the specific formality of “as per” or the conciseness of “per” when discussing rates, it offers a reliable middle ground that minimizes the risk of misuse.

Final Considerations for Clarity and Precision

Ultimately, the goal is clear communication. Both “per” and “as per” have their place, but understanding their nuances helps avoid ambiguity and maintain the appropriate tone.

In formal contexts, “as per” is often preferred for referencing specific documents or instructions, while “per” excels at expressing rates and simpler accordance. In informal settings, “per” is almost always the correct choice.

By paying attention to the context and the desired level of formality, you can effectively choose between these phrases to enhance the precision and professionalism of your writing and speech.